Note 1) Per Askart.com, the following very brief biographical sketch
of Worden G. Wood is presented:
“Worden G. Wood, illustration artist
and veteran of the Spanish-American and World Wars, died in 1943 at the age of
sixty-three, at his home, 120 Haven Avenue.
Mr. Wood attended Columbia University. In 1898 he joined the United States
Naval Reserve at the outbreak of the Spanish-American War, serving on the
“Yankee”. He took part later in the campaign following the Villa raid in 1916
on Columbus, N.M. under General John J. Pershing. On April 7,1917, he became
chief boatswain's mate in the United States Navy.
He was a marine illustrator for many firms, including the United States Lines,
the French Line, the Macmillan Company, and the former United States Shipping
Board. He formerly was on the staff of “The World” of New York: The “Boston
Herald,” and “The New York Herald.” He was a member of the 7th
Regiment N.Y.N.G.”
Note 2) Per Wikipedia: “USS North Carolina (BB-55) (Showboat) was the lead
ship of North Carolina class battleships and the fourth warship in the U.S.
Navy to be named in honor of the State of North Carolina. She was the first newly-constructed American battleship to enter service during World War II, and she took part in every major naval offensive in the Pacific
Theater of Operations to become the most highly decorated American battleship of World
War II, accumulating 15 battle
stars.[2] The USS North Carolina is now a museum ship and memorial kept at the seaport of Wilmington, N.C. (Emphasis and bold face added).” .…
Service during World War II
North Carolina operating near the Gilbert
Islands, November, 1943
The North
Carolina completed her shakedown cruise in the Caribbean Sea before
the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.
Early in 1942, the North Carolina was scheduled to steam
to Pearl Harbor. However, she remained in the Atlantic Ocean for
a few more months so that she would be available to take on the German
battleship Tirpitz in the event that battleship
began to attack Atlantic convoys carrying war supplies and troops from
the United States to Great Britain.
The North Carolina was finally ordered to the Pacific Fleet in
the summer of 1942.[5]
After
intensive war exercises, the North Carolina departed for the Pacific theater of Operations.
She was the first new battleship to arrive in the Pacific since the beginning
of the war, transiting the Panama Canal on 10 June, four days following the end
of the Battle of Midway in
the Central Pacific.[6] She
steamed to the port of San Pedro, California,
and then to San Francisco before
proceeding to Pearl Harbor.[7] According
to sailors there, North Carolina was “the most beautiful thing
they had ever seen”, and her arrival in Hawaii greatly increased the morale of
the Pacific Fleet.[8] The North
Carolina departed from Pearl Harbor on 15 July with the task force of
the aircraft carrier Enterprise,
the heavy cruiser Portland, the light cruiser Atlanta, and eight screening destroyers.
This task force was headed for combat in the South Pacific Ocean.[9]
The North
Carolina joined the long island-hopping campaign against the Japanese
by assisting in the landing of U.S. Marines on
the islands of Guadalcanal and Tulagi on
7 August 1942, thus beginning the long campaign for Guadalcanal.[10]She
was the only battleship in the naval force in the South Pacific, escorting
the aircraft carriers USS Saratoga, USS Enterprise, and
USS Wasp, surrounded by their cruisers and destroyers.[11] After
helping to screen the Enterprise in the air support force for
the amphibious landing,
the North Carolina guarded the aircraft carrier during her
mission of protecting the supply and communication lines to the Solomon Islands and
Guadalcanal. Imperial Japanese Navy aircraft
carriers were spotted on 24 August, and that battle was called the Battle of the Eastern Solomons.[10]
The
Americans struck first, sinking the carrier Ryūjō.
The Japanese counterattack came in the form of dive bombers and
torpedo bombers, covered
by fighters, striking at
the Enterprise and the North Carolina.[12] In
an action eight-minutes long, the North Carolina shot down
seven to 14 enemy aircraft, with her antiaircraft gunners remaining
at their posts despite the jarring detonations of seven near misses. One sailor
was killed by strafing, but the North Carolina was undamaged.
Her sheer volume of antiaircraft fire was so heavy to cause the officers of
the Enterprise to ask, “Are you afire?”[4]
The North
Carolina fired 841 rounds of 5-inch (127 mm) shells, 1037 rounds
of 1.1-inch ammunition, 7425 rounds of
20-mm shells, and 8641 rounds of .50 caliber machine gun bullets
during the attack.[13] The
gunners of her 5-inch antiaircraft guns“
estimated that the rate of fire exceeded 17 rounds per minute on all guns.”,
but they reported that vibrations hampered their optical range-finding and that
the Mark 4 FD radar had difficulty acquiring targets.[13] The
protection North Carolina could offer Enterprise was
limited as the speedier carrier plunged ahead of her. Enterprise took
three direct hits while her aircraft severely damaged seaplane carrier Chitose and hit other Japanese ships.
Since the Japanese lost about 100 aircraft in this action, the U.S. Navy won
control of the air and averted a threatened Japanese reinforcement of
Guadalcanal.[4]
USS North Carolina during Marshall Islands
Campaign, 25 January 1944
USS North Carolina firing her main battery
North Carolina in heavy seas, December 1944
North
Carolina now gave her strength to
protect the Saratoga. Twice during the following weeks of support
to Marines ashore on Guadalcanal, North Carolina was attacked
by Japanese submarines. On 6 September, she maneuvered successfully, dodging
a torpedo that
passed 300 yds. (270 m) off the port beam.[14] Nine
days later, on 15 September, sailing with the Wasp and
the Hornet, the North Carolina suffered
a torpedo hit on her port side just forward of her number 1 gun turret,
20 ft. (6.1 m) below her waterline making a hole 32 ft. by
18 ft., and killing five of her men. This torpedo originated from I-19, and other torpedoes in the same
salvo sank Wasp and the destroyer O'Brien.[15][16] Skillful
damage control by the crew of North Carolina and the
excellence of her construction prevented disaster; a 5.6° list was righted in
as many minutes, and she maintained her station in a formation at 26 knots
(30 mph; 48 km/h).[17]
After
temporary repairs in New Caledonia,
the ship proceeded to Pearl Harbor to be dry docked for a month for repairs to
her hull and to receive more antiaircraft armament.[11] Following
repairs, she returned to action, screening Enterprise and Saratoga and
covering supply and troop movements in the Solomons for much of the next year.
She was at Pearl Harbor in March and April 1943 to receive advanced fire
control and radar gear, and again in September, to prepare for the Gilbert Islands operation.[18]
With Enterprise,
in the Northern Covering Group, North Carolina sortied from
Pearl Harbor on 10 November for the assault on Makin, Tarawa,
and Abemama.
Air strikes began on 19 November, and for ten days mighty air blows were struck
to aid marines ashore engaged in some of the bloodiest fighting of the Pacific War.
Supporting the Gilberts campaign and preparing the assault on the Marshalls, North
Carolina's highly accurate big guns bombarded Nauru on
8 December, destroying air facilities, beach defense revetments,
and radio installations.[19] Later
that month, she protected Bunker Hill in
strikes against shipping and airfields at Kavieng, New Ireland and
in January 1944 joined the Task Force 58 (Note
2) The foregoing considerations and the following Askart.com records regarding
sales warrant the conclusion that the presale estimate of $-$ is reasonable and
justifiable. 58), Rear Admiral Marc Mitscher in
command, at Funafuti, Ellice Islands.[17]
During the
assault and capture of the Marshall Islands, North Carolina illustrated
the classic battleship functions of World War II. She screened carriers from
air attack in pre-invasion strikes as well as during close air support of
troops ashore, beginning with the initial strikes on Kwajalein on
29 January. She fired on targets at Namur and Roi,
where she sank a cargo ship in the lagoon.[20]
The
battlewagon then protected carriers in the massive air strike on Truk, the
Japanese fleet base in the Carolines,
where 39 large ships were left sunk, burning, or uselessly beached, and 211
planes were destroyed, another 104 severely damaged.[20] Next
she fought off an air attack against the flattops near the Marianas 21
February splashing an enemy plane, and the next day again guarded the carriers
in air strikes on Saipan, Tinian,
and Guam.
During
much of this period, she was flagship for
Rear Admiral (later Vice Admiral) Willis A. Lee, Jr.,
Commander Battleships Pacific.[21]
With Majuro as
her base, North Carolina joined in the attacks on Palau and Woleai on
31 March–1 April, shooting down another enemy plane during the approach phase.
On Woleai, 150 enemy aircraft were destroyed along with ground installations.
Support for the capture of the Hollandia (currently
known as Jayapura) area of New Guinea followed
(13–24 April); then another major raid on Truk (29–30
April), during which North Carolina splashed yet another enemy
aircraft. At Truk, North Carolina's planes were catapulted to
rescue an American aviator downed off the reef.[22] After
one plane had turned over on landing and the other, having rescued all the
airmen, had been unable to take off with so much weight, Tang saved
all involved. The next day, North Carolina destroyed coastal defense guns,
antiaircraft batteries, and airfields at Ponape.
The battleship then sailed to repair her rudder at Pearl Harbor.[17]
Returning
to Majuro, North Carolina sortied with the Enterprise's carrier
group on 6 June (D-Day in
Europe) for the Marianas. During the assault on Saipan, North
Carolina not only gave her usual protection to the carriers, but
starred in bombardments on the west coast of Saipan covering minesweeping operations, and blasted the
harbor at Tanapag, sinking several small craft and
destroying enemy ammunition, fuel, and supply dumps. At dusk on invasion day,
15 June, the battleship downed one of the only two Japanese aircraft able to
penetrate the combat air patrol.[17]
On 18
June, North Carolina cleared the islands with the carriers to
confront the Japanese 1st Mobile Fleet, tracked by submarines and aircraft for
the previous four days.[23] Next
day began the Battle of the Philippine Sea,
and she took station in the battle line that fanned out from the carriers.
American aircraft succeeded in downing most of the Japanese raiders before they
reached the American ships, and North Carolina shot down two of the
few which got through.[17]
On that
day and the next, American air and submarine attacks, with the fierce
antiaircraft fire of such ships as North Carolina, virtually ended
any future threat from Japanese naval aviation: three carriers were sunk,
two tankers damaged so badly they were
scuttled, and all but 36 of the 430 planes with which the Japanese had begun
the battle were destroyed.[24] The
loss of trained aviators was irreparable, as was the loss of skilled aviation
maintenance men in the carriers. Not one American ship was lost, and only a
handful of American planes failed to return to their carriers.[17]
After
supporting air operations in the Marianas for another two weeks, North
Carolina sailed for overhaul at Puget Sound Navy Yard.
She rejoined the carriers off Ulithi on
7 November as a furious typhoon, Typhoon Cobra, struck
the group.[25] The
ships fought through the storm and carried out air strikes against
western Leyte, Luzon,
and the Visayas to
support the struggle for Leyte. During similar strikes later in the
month, North Carolina fought off her first kamikaze attack.[17]
As the
pace of operations in the Philippines intensified, North Carolina guarded
carriers while their planes kept the Japanese aircraft on Luzon airfields from
interfering with the invasion convoys which assaulted Mindoro on
15 December.[26] Three
days later the task force again sailed through a violent typhoon, which
capsized several destroyers. With Ulithi now her base, North Carolina screened
wide-ranging carrier strikes on Formosa,
the coast of Indo-China and
China, and the Ryūkyūs in
January, and similarly supported strikes on Honshū the
next month.[27] Hundreds
of enemy aircraft were destroyed which might otherwise have resisted the assault on Iwo Jima,
where North Carolina bombarded and provided call fire for the
assaulting Marines through 22 February.[17]
Strikes on
targets in the Japanese home islands laid the ground-work for the Okinawa assault,
in which North Carolina played her dual role, of bombardment
and carrier screening. Here, on 6 April, she downed three kamikazes,
but took a 5 in (130 mm) hit from a friendly ship during the melee of
anti-aircraft fire. Three men were killed and 44 wounded.[28] Next
day came the last desperate sortie of the Japanese Fleet, as Yamato, the largest battleship in the
world, came south with her attendants. Yamato, as well as a cruiser
and a destroyer, were sunk, three other destroyers were damaged so badly that
they were scuttled, and the remaining four destroyers returned to their fleet base at Sasebo badly
damaged. On the same day, North Carolina splashed an enemy
plane, and she shot down two more 17 April.[17]
After
overhaul at Pearl Harbor, North Carolina rejoined the carriers
for a month of air strikes and naval bombardment on the Japanese home islands.[29] Along
with guarding the carriers, North Carolina fired on major
industrial plants near Tokyo,
and her scout plane pilots performed a daring rescue of a downed carrier pilot under
heavy fire in Tokyo Bay.[30]
North
Carolina sent both sailors and members
of her Marine Detachment ashore for preliminary occupation duty in Japan
immediately at the close of the war, and patrolled off the coast until
anchoring in Tokyo Bay on 5 September to re-embark her men. Carrying passengers
from Okinawa, North Carolina sailed for home, reaching
the Panama Canal on 8 October.[31] She
anchored at Boston 17
October, and after overhaul at New York exercised in New England waters
and carried United States Naval Academy midshipmen
for a summer training cruise in the Caribbean.[22]
Decommissioning and battleship memorial
After
inactivation, she was decommissioned at New York on 27 June 1947. Stricken from
the Naval Vessel Register on
1 June 1960, the North Carolina was transferred to the state
of North Carolina on 6 September 1961. She was purchased from the U.S. Navy for
$330,000 raised by the efforts of North Carolina school children who saved
their spare change and lunch money for the “Save Our Ship” campaign.[34] In
1961, a fleet of tugboats was used to maneuver the 728 ft. (222 m)
ship through an area of the river 500 ft. (150 m) wide. During this
move the ship struck the restaurant “Fergus' Ark”, near Princess Street.
“Fergus' Ark” was formerly a U.S. Army troopship. The river-based restaurant
was damaged severely and ceased operation.[35] On
29 April 1962, she was dedicated at Wilmington, North Carolina
as a memorial to North Carolinians of all services killed in World War II. This
battleship was declared a National Historic Landmark in
1986 (Footnote text omitted).
North Carolina preserved as a
museum on the Cape Fear River, Wilmington, N.C.
Note 3) As the foregoing article
from Wikipedia below makes clear the USS North Carolina was “to become
the most
highly decorated American battleship of World War II, accumulating
15 battle
stars (bold face added).”
This factor and that the USS North Carolina survives as a museum ship in
Wilmington, N.C. attracting many thousands of visitors each year, and has
appeal to many collectors, e.g. of US Naval art and history, and World War II
art and memorabilia. plus the following most recent auction sales record of $1,700
for Worden Wood sepia ink depiction of an unnamed ship promoting “Eastern S.S.
Lines, Inc.; New Steamers for Metropolitan Line Service between New York and
Boston” justifies the above $1,500-$2,500 estimate for this excellent, crisp
Wood watercolor and gouache of this justifiably very famous U.S. battleship.
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